Queer Atlas trust layer

QARI: context before a trip becomes a risk.

The Queer Atlas Risk Index is a country-level travel-planning baseline. It combines documented legal risk, social reality, and digital and enforcement exposure. A higher score means greater documented exposure — never a verdict on people, places, or personal safety.

Legal risk

35%

Social reality

40%

Digital & enforcement

25%

Method

One baseline, three visible inputs.

QARI uses a fixed weighted formula and applies a documented floor where severe legal or enforcement conditions would otherwise be understated. Each published profile includes source links for legal, social and digital evidence.

Published profiles

86 country and territory baselines

Select a country for sources, methodology and related city guides.

Albania

50/100

Moderate

Albania combines some civic or online constraints with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Argentina

26/100

Lower context

Argentina combines a comparatively strong legal-rights baseline with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Armenia

67/100

High risk

Same-sex relations are legal, but Armenia has no couple recognition or comprehensive SOGI protection. Low acceptance and documented violence, extortion, family abuse and discrimination make visibility and dating context-sensitive.

high confidence · v1.0

Australia

21/100

Lower context

Australia combines a comparatively strong legal-rights baseline with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Austria

23/100

Lower context

Austria combines relatively open civic and online conditions with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Belgium

17/100

Lower risk

Belgium combines relatively open civic and online conditions with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Bolivia

32/100

Lower context

Bolivia combines a comparatively strong legal-rights baseline with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Bosnia and Herzegovina

54/100

Moderate

Bosnia and Herzegovina combines material civic and online constraints with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Brazil

33/100

Lower context

Equal rights and huge queer city life coexist with documented violence, harassment and dating-app robberies; urban context and meeting plans matter.

medium confidence · v1.0

Bulgaria

52/100

Moderate

Bulgaria combines some civic or online constraints with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Cambodia

52/100

Moderate

Cambodia combines a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate with material civic and online constraints. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Canada

14/100

Lower risk

Canada combines strong equality law with highly visible queer life; rising reported hate and event-security pressure keep the score above zero.

high confidence · v1.0

Chile

22/100

Lower context

Chile combines a comparatively strong legal-rights baseline with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

China

62/100

High risk

China combines a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate with severe civic, enforcement and online constraints. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Colombia

31/100

Lower context

Colombia combines a comparatively strong legal-rights baseline with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Costa Rica

23/100

Lower context

Costa Rica combines a comparatively strong legal-rights baseline with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Croatia

37/100

Lower context

Croatia combines some civic or online constraints with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Cuba

38/100

Lower context

Cuba combines a comparatively strong legal-rights baseline with material civic and online constraints. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Cyprus

41/100

Moderate

Cyprus combines relatively open civic and online conditions with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Czech Republic

31/100

Lower context

Czech Republic combines relatively open civic and online conditions with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Denmark

14/100

Lower risk

Denmark combines relatively open civic and online conditions with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Dominican Republic

54/100

Moderate

Dominican Republic combines some civic or online constraints with substantial gaps in legal protection. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Ecuador

33/100

Lower context

Ecuador combines a comparatively strong legal-rights baseline with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Egypt

87/100

Extreme high risk

De facto criminalisation, arrests under morality laws and documented online entrapment make identity exposure and digital traces serious practical risks.

high confidence · v1.0

El Salvador

56/100

Moderate

El Salvador combines substantial gaps in legal protection with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Estonia

33/100

Lower context

Estonia combines relatively open civic and online conditions with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

high confidence · v1.1

Finland

18/100

Lower risk

Finland combines relatively open civic and online conditions with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

France

27/100

Lower context

France combines meaningful legal protection alongside remaining gaps with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

high confidence · v1.1

Georgia

59/100

Moderate

Georgia combines some civic or online constraints with a highly restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

high confidence · v1.1

Germany

16/100

Lower risk

Strong rights and deeply established queer city life make Germany a lower-risk baseline, while rising hate incidents still call for ordinary situational awareness.

high confidence · v1.0

Greece

31/100

Lower context

Greece combines relatively open civic and online conditions with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Guatemala

61/100

High risk

Guatemala combines material civic and online constraints with substantial gaps in legal protection. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Honduras

50/100

Moderate

Honduras combines meaningful legal protection alongside remaining gaps with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Hong Kong

43/100

Moderate

Hong Kong combines generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience with material civic and online constraints. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Hungary

46/100

Moderate

Hungary combines some civic or online constraints with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

high confidence · v1.1

Iceland

9/100

Lower risk

Iceland combines relatively open civic and online conditions with broad social acceptance. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

high confidence · v1.1

India

49/100

Moderate

India combines substantial gaps in legal protection with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Indonesia

80/100

High risk

Indonesia combines material civic and online constraints with severe legal exposure or very limited protection. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity. An evidence-based legal floor sets the published minimum at 80.

medium confidence · v1.1

Ireland

23/100

Lower context

Ireland combines relatively open civic and online conditions with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Israel

33/100

Lower context

Israel combines some civic or online constraints with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Italy

40/100

Lower context

Italy combines some civic or online constraints with substantial gaps in legal protection. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

high confidence · v1.1

Japan

40/100

Lower context

Japan combines some civic or online constraints with substantial gaps in legal protection. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Kazakhstan

79/100

High risk

Same-sex relations are legal, but absent relationship and anti-discrimination protections combine with extremely low reported acceptance and a 2026 censorship law carrying fines or detention. Public, organizational and digital visibility require substantial care.

high confidence · v1.0

Latvia

45/100

Moderate

Latvia combines some civic or online constraints with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Lebanon

74/100

High risk

Lebanon combines material civic and online constraints with severe legal exposure or very limited protection. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity. An evidence-based legal floor sets the published minimum at 72.

medium confidence · v1.1

Lithuania

45/100

Moderate

Lithuania combines relatively open civic and online conditions with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Malaysia

80/100

High risk

Malaysia combines material civic and online constraints with severe legal exposure or very limited protection. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity. An evidence-based legal floor sets the published minimum at 80.

medium confidence · v1.1

Malta

16/100

Lower risk

Malta combines a comparatively strong legal-rights baseline with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Mexico

35/100

Lower context

Mexico combines meaningful legal protection alongside remaining gaps with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Mongolia

58/100

Moderate

Same-sex relations are legal and targeted criminal and employment protections exist, but no couple recognition, surgery-based gender recognition, low public acceptance and inconsistent enforcement keep practical risk elevated.

high confidence · v1.0

Montenegro

44/100

Moderate

Montenegro combines meaningful legal protection alongside remaining gaps with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Morocco

80/100

High risk

Morocco combines material civic and online constraints with severe legal exposure or very limited protection. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity. An evidence-based legal floor sets the published minimum at 80.

medium confidence · v1.1

Namibia

48/100

Moderate

Decriminalisation was a major legal shift, but limited protection and conservative attitudes mean discretion can still be useful outside trusted spaces.

medium confidence · v1.0

Nepal

27/100

Lower context

Nepal combines legal same-sex relations, constitutional protection, gender recognition and a 2026 marriage-equality order with unusually positive opinion data. Sector-level protection and consistent implementation still lag behind the constitutional framework.

high confidence · v1.0

Netherlands

20/100

Lower risk

Netherlands combines relatively open civic and online conditions with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

high confidence · v1.1

New Zealand

16/100

Lower risk

New Zealand combines relatively open civic and online conditions with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Nicaragua

57/100

Moderate

Nicaragua combines a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate with material civic and online constraints. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Norway

12/100

Lower risk

Norway combines relatively open civic and online conditions with a comparatively strong legal-rights baseline. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Panama

48/100

Moderate

Panama combines some civic or online constraints with substantial gaps in legal protection. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Paraguay

56/100

Moderate

Paraguay combines some civic or online constraints with substantial gaps in legal protection. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Peru

41/100

Moderate

Peru combines some civic or online constraints with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Philippines

45/100

Moderate

Philippines combines generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience with substantial gaps in legal protection. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Poland

46/100

Moderate

Poland combines some civic or online constraints with substantial gaps in legal protection. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Portugal

21/100

Lower context

Portugal combines relatively open civic and online conditions with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Puerto Rico

24/100

Lower context

Puerto Rico combines a comparatively strong legal-rights baseline with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Romania

49/100

Moderate

Romania combines some civic or online constraints with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Russia

92/100

Extreme high risk

Extremism and so-called propaganda rules create severe legal, public-expression and digital exposure risks, including detention and prosecution.

high confidence · v1.0

Serbia

49/100

Moderate

Serbia combines some civic or online constraints with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

high confidence · v1.1

Singapore

47/100

Moderate

Singapore combines generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience with substantial gaps in legal protection. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Slovakia

45/100

Moderate

Slovakia combines some civic or online constraints with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Slovenia

29/100

Lower context

Slovenia combines relatively open civic and online conditions with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

South Africa

31/100

Lower context

South Africa combines meaningful legal protection alongside remaining gaps with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

South Korea

51/100

Moderate

South Korea combines some civic or online constraints with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Spain

13/100

Lower risk

Strong legal protection and broad urban visibility make Spain a lower-risk baseline, while ordinary nightlife and hate-incident awareness still matters.

high confidence · v1.0

Sri Lanka

71/100

High risk

Same-sex intimacy remains criminalised, with no relationship recognition and only narrow protection from discrimination. Colombo has active advocacy and Pride infrastructure, but low acceptance and documented police abuse make discretion essential.

high confidence · v1.0

Sweden

16/100

Lower risk

Sweden combines relatively open civic and online conditions with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Switzerland

24/100

Lower context

Switzerland combines relatively open civic and online conditions with meaningful legal protection alongside remaining gaps. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Taiwan

31/100

Lower context

Taiwan combines some civic or online constraints with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Thailand

40/100

Lower context

Thailand combines generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience with material civic and online constraints. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Turkey

67/100

High risk

Same-sex relations are legal, yet weak protection, restrictions on public queer organising and enforcement uncertainty make careful planning important.

medium confidence · v1.0

Ukraine

53/100

Moderate

Ukraine combines some civic or online constraints with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

high confidence · v1.1

United Kingdom

30/100

Lower context

United Kingdom combines some civic or online constraints with meaningful legal protection alongside remaining gaps. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

high confidence · v1.1

United States

31/100

Lower context

United States combines meaningful legal protection alongside remaining gaps with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Uruguay

13/100

Lower risk

Uruguay combines relatively open civic and online conditions with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Venezuela

53/100

Moderate

Venezuela combines a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate with material civic and online constraints. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1

Vietnam

53/100

Moderate

Vietnam combines generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience with severe civic, enforcement and online constraints. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.

medium confidence · v1.1