Legal risk
35%
Queer Atlas trust layer
The Queer Atlas Risk Index is a country-level travel-planning baseline. It combines documented legal risk, social reality, and digital and enforcement exposure. A higher score means greater documented exposure — never a verdict on people, places, or personal safety.
Legal risk
35%
Social reality
40%
Digital & enforcement
25%
Method
QARI uses a fixed weighted formula and applies a documented floor where severe legal or enforcement conditions would otherwise be understated. Each published profile includes source links for legal, social and digital evidence.
Published profiles
Select a country for sources, methodology and related city guides.
Moderate
Albania combines some civic or online constraints with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Lower context
Argentina combines a comparatively strong legal-rights baseline with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
High risk
Same-sex relations are legal, but Armenia has no couple recognition or comprehensive SOGI protection. Low acceptance and documented violence, extortion, family abuse and discrimination make visibility and dating context-sensitive.
high confidence · v1.0
Lower context
Australia combines a comparatively strong legal-rights baseline with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Lower context
Austria combines relatively open civic and online conditions with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Lower risk
Belgium combines relatively open civic and online conditions with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Lower context
Bolivia combines a comparatively strong legal-rights baseline with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Moderate
Bosnia and Herzegovina combines material civic and online constraints with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Lower context
Equal rights and huge queer city life coexist with documented violence, harassment and dating-app robberies; urban context and meeting plans matter.
medium confidence · v1.0
Moderate
Bulgaria combines some civic or online constraints with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Moderate
Cambodia combines a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate with material civic and online constraints. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Lower risk
Canada combines strong equality law with highly visible queer life; rising reported hate and event-security pressure keep the score above zero.
high confidence · v1.0
Lower context
Chile combines a comparatively strong legal-rights baseline with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
High risk
China combines a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate with severe civic, enforcement and online constraints. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Lower context
Colombia combines a comparatively strong legal-rights baseline with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Lower context
Costa Rica combines a comparatively strong legal-rights baseline with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Lower context
Croatia combines some civic or online constraints with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Lower context
Cuba combines a comparatively strong legal-rights baseline with material civic and online constraints. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Moderate
Cyprus combines relatively open civic and online conditions with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Lower context
Czech Republic combines relatively open civic and online conditions with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Lower risk
Denmark combines relatively open civic and online conditions with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Moderate
Dominican Republic combines some civic or online constraints with substantial gaps in legal protection. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Lower context
Ecuador combines a comparatively strong legal-rights baseline with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Extreme high risk
De facto criminalisation, arrests under morality laws and documented online entrapment make identity exposure and digital traces serious practical risks.
high confidence · v1.0
Moderate
El Salvador combines substantial gaps in legal protection with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Lower context
Estonia combines relatively open civic and online conditions with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
high confidence · v1.1
Lower risk
Finland combines relatively open civic and online conditions with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Lower context
France combines meaningful legal protection alongside remaining gaps with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
high confidence · v1.1
Moderate
Georgia combines some civic or online constraints with a highly restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
high confidence · v1.1
Lower risk
Strong rights and deeply established queer city life make Germany a lower-risk baseline, while rising hate incidents still call for ordinary situational awareness.
high confidence · v1.0
Lower context
Greece combines relatively open civic and online conditions with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
High risk
Guatemala combines material civic and online constraints with substantial gaps in legal protection. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Moderate
Honduras combines meaningful legal protection alongside remaining gaps with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Moderate
Hong Kong combines generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience with material civic and online constraints. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Moderate
Hungary combines some civic or online constraints with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
high confidence · v1.1
Lower risk
Iceland combines relatively open civic and online conditions with broad social acceptance. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
high confidence · v1.1
Moderate
India combines substantial gaps in legal protection with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
High risk
Indonesia combines material civic and online constraints with severe legal exposure or very limited protection. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity. An evidence-based legal floor sets the published minimum at 80.
medium confidence · v1.1
Lower context
Ireland combines relatively open civic and online conditions with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Lower context
Israel combines some civic or online constraints with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Lower context
Italy combines some civic or online constraints with substantial gaps in legal protection. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
high confidence · v1.1
Lower context
Japan combines some civic or online constraints with substantial gaps in legal protection. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
High risk
Same-sex relations are legal, but absent relationship and anti-discrimination protections combine with extremely low reported acceptance and a 2026 censorship law carrying fines or detention. Public, organizational and digital visibility require substantial care.
high confidence · v1.0
Moderate
Latvia combines some civic or online constraints with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
High risk
Lebanon combines material civic and online constraints with severe legal exposure or very limited protection. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity. An evidence-based legal floor sets the published minimum at 72.
medium confidence · v1.1
Moderate
Lithuania combines relatively open civic and online conditions with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
High risk
Malaysia combines material civic and online constraints with severe legal exposure or very limited protection. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity. An evidence-based legal floor sets the published minimum at 80.
medium confidence · v1.1
Lower risk
Malta combines a comparatively strong legal-rights baseline with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Lower context
Mexico combines meaningful legal protection alongside remaining gaps with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Moderate
Same-sex relations are legal and targeted criminal and employment protections exist, but no couple recognition, surgery-based gender recognition, low public acceptance and inconsistent enforcement keep practical risk elevated.
high confidence · v1.0
Moderate
Montenegro combines meaningful legal protection alongside remaining gaps with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
High risk
Morocco combines material civic and online constraints with severe legal exposure or very limited protection. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity. An evidence-based legal floor sets the published minimum at 80.
medium confidence · v1.1
Moderate
Decriminalisation was a major legal shift, but limited protection and conservative attitudes mean discretion can still be useful outside trusted spaces.
medium confidence · v1.0
Lower context
Nepal combines legal same-sex relations, constitutional protection, gender recognition and a 2026 marriage-equality order with unusually positive opinion data. Sector-level protection and consistent implementation still lag behind the constitutional framework.
high confidence · v1.0
Lower risk
Netherlands combines relatively open civic and online conditions with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
high confidence · v1.1
Lower risk
New Zealand combines relatively open civic and online conditions with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Moderate
Nicaragua combines a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate with material civic and online constraints. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Lower risk
Norway combines relatively open civic and online conditions with a comparatively strong legal-rights baseline. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Moderate
Panama combines some civic or online constraints with substantial gaps in legal protection. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Moderate
Paraguay combines some civic or online constraints with substantial gaps in legal protection. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Moderate
Peru combines some civic or online constraints with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Moderate
Philippines combines generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience with substantial gaps in legal protection. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Moderate
Poland combines some civic or online constraints with substantial gaps in legal protection. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Lower context
Portugal combines relatively open civic and online conditions with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Lower context
Puerto Rico combines a comparatively strong legal-rights baseline with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Moderate
Romania combines some civic or online constraints with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Extreme high risk
Extremism and so-called propaganda rules create severe legal, public-expression and digital exposure risks, including detention and prosecution.
high confidence · v1.0
Moderate
Serbia combines some civic or online constraints with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
high confidence · v1.1
Moderate
Singapore combines generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience with substantial gaps in legal protection. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Moderate
Slovakia combines some civic or online constraints with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Lower context
Slovenia combines relatively open civic and online conditions with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Lower context
South Africa combines meaningful legal protection alongside remaining gaps with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Moderate
South Korea combines some civic or online constraints with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Lower risk
Strong legal protection and broad urban visibility make Spain a lower-risk baseline, while ordinary nightlife and hate-incident awareness still matters.
high confidence · v1.0
High risk
Same-sex intimacy remains criminalised, with no relationship recognition and only narrow protection from discrimination. Colombo has active advocacy and Pride infrastructure, but low acceptance and documented police abuse make discretion essential.
high confidence · v1.0
Lower risk
Sweden combines relatively open civic and online conditions with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Lower context
Switzerland combines relatively open civic and online conditions with meaningful legal protection alongside remaining gaps. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Lower context
Taiwan combines some civic or online constraints with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Lower context
Thailand combines generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience with material civic and online constraints. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
High risk
Same-sex relations are legal, yet weak protection, restrictions on public queer organising and enforcement uncertainty make careful planning important.
medium confidence · v1.0
Moderate
Ukraine combines some civic or online constraints with a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
high confidence · v1.1
Lower context
United Kingdom combines some civic or online constraints with meaningful legal protection alongside remaining gaps. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
high confidence · v1.1
Lower context
United States combines meaningful legal protection alongside remaining gaps with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Lower risk
Uruguay combines relatively open civic and online conditions with generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience. The digital axis uses Freedom in the World 2026 as a disclosed civic-freedom proxy; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Moderate
Venezuela combines a mixed or restrictive lived-experience climate with material civic and online constraints. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1
Moderate
Vietnam combines generally positive acceptance with uneven lived experience with severe civic, enforcement and online constraints. The digital axis uses Freedom on the Net 2025; local conditions can still vary by city and identity.
medium confidence · v1.1